Below is Paul Dix's answer to a behaviour question asked by a TES reader. The response was published in the TES:
The Problem:
I'm a trainee teacher at a predominantly Muslim school and I'm white. Today a group of boys interrupted my lesson to pop their heads in and say I was looking sexy. How do I deal with them without seeming prudish or racist?
The Expert View:
Some teachers link pace to being able to plough through a certain amount of material in a lesson. Instead, says Paul Dix, a former teacher and now managing director of behaviour management specialist Pivotal Education, it should be seen as the ability to keep pupils interested and motivated.
He knows how a drop in pace can affect pupils. "I was an awful teacher in my first year," he says. "An observer pointed out after one class that I'd talked for 35 minutes, and towards the end the children were messing about.
"We all go through that baptism of fire."
Problems tend to arise when pupils are expected to be silent for long periods. A mistake teachers often make is in thinking they have to address the whole class all of the time, he says. "Teachers can get preoccupied with delivering content and end up forgetting what motivates pupils."
To help prevent a lull, make sure anything you need to use - computers, equipment, handouts - is ready before the lesson starts. Getting pupils to distribute resources will also help you to teach undistracted.
Rather than talking for long periods, incorporate short exercises, so that pupils are active and involved, not waiting for you to finish. Asking pupils to have a discussion with a partner about any questions you pose is a good way to ensure everyone is engaged.
David Miller, an English teacher at St Ninian's High in Bishopbriggs, East Dunbartonshire and winner of last year's Guardian award for secondary school teacher of the year, suggests breaking up the class as well as the lesson: "Try some active learning approaches. Have them moving around."
Using art, music or film to take the lesson somewhere unexpected can also help.
"Music is a great classroom calmer," he says. "In my probation year, I had a class of 15-year-olds who were not as focused as I would have liked. Pupils were suddenly becalmed when they became aware of distant baroque guitar music emanating from my radio. I had been listening to it during lunch and forgotten to turn it off. This was one of those epiphany moments when I was able to chat to the class about my love for classical music. Sharing something of yourself always improves the way pupils regard and, therefore, respond to you."
However well you prepare, there will be occasions when the pace of your lesson takes a downward turn and pupils respond by messing around. When this happens, Mr Dix suggests taking a "brain break".
Don't treat it as bad behaviour, he says. Accept that their attention has waived and move to accelerate the pace to draw them back. "Brain gym and brain exercises are good for this," he says. "Ask them to do something distracting, such as rubbing their tummies and patting their heads, something weird and funny that will take their minds away for a moment." This will also give you a chance to think about how best to proceed.
Teachers need to have an "armoury of the unpredictable" for these instances, Mr Miller says. "I find talking about myself instantly brings pupils' eyes front. It's good to have a battery of interesting, reflective stories."
If your approach is not hitting the mark, do not persist, he says. "Do not persevere when the lesson is not working. Change the direction or use another type of stimulus, such as music. There is no reason why Bach's Goldberg Variations shouldn't be employed in teaching maths."